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Modernisations Continued MACHINE ROOM AND HOISTING MACHINES Geared Machine Geared machines are specially designed and manufactured for the Lift Industry. Consisting of a gearbox and motor, they are still widely used and have high lifting capacity from 200kg to 8000 kg and more.
Gearless Machine Gearless machines are machines without a gearbox. The motor becomes the machine this is usually used on high speed units and now for Machine-room-less lifts (M.R.L) as they are compact and can easily fit into the shaft. The brake is spring applied and electrically released, resulting in completely silent operation.
Main Drive Motor The main drive motor is just a motor which is fixed onto the gear box. In modernisations where the motor is DC a new VVVF motor will be fitted. This type of motor is more efficient and cost effective to run.
Main Drive Motor Replacement In this picture a new main drive motor is being fitted onto an existing Gearbox. We assess the gearbox to make sure that it’s still in a good working condition.
Drive Motor Cooling Fan This fan is used to cool the main motors.
Controller A microprocessor based controller will be provided.
Microprocessor Features
Main Drive / Inverter The inverter ensures a smooth operation as well as having accurate levels at all times, within 5mm under all load conditions. The drive / inverter calculates speed and torque based on the following hardware information:
The Drive / Inverter also has a built-in dynamic braking system that will prevent the elevator from over speeding when manually opening the mechanical brake (with or without power). The safety feature helps with ensuring safe rescue conditions.
Trailing Cables This extra flexible flat cable with 0.75 mm2 cross section is suitable for connecting up elevators. The cables without steel core support can be used until 65 meter free suspended length, the drift velocity doesn't exceed 4 m/s and the environment's temperature is between -40o C and + 60o C. 24 conductor cable with steel core support can be used until 85 meter suspending length, maximum drift velocity 6m/sec. Cables with 1 mm2 cross section are used for longer suspension length than 85 meter. This cable has been designed, manufactured and tested in accordance with EN 50214 standard.
By-Stables Solenoids / by-stables work dead and react to a permanent magnet. The special characteristics are characterised by large switching distances.
Rescue Device Rescue device can be fitted onto the controller, in the event of a power failure the lift will automatically level to the next floor opens the doors and shut down. Should emergency operation of the installation under emergency power conditions be required we will provide the lift controllers with the necessary equipment and software to achieve the required operation. The supply and installation of the emergency standby generator is however to be provided by the client. Fire Control In accordance with the National Building Regulations and SABS 0400 the lift equipment will be provided with a fire service feature, which will consist of a key type switch which when activated will return the lifts to the designated fire lobby. Should automatic operation be required, a signal from the fire detection systems in the building would need to be provided, but the detection system is excluded. Ropes Traction steel hoist ropes of size and number to ensure adequate wearing and traction qualities. The number of ropes supplied shall provide a factor of safety of at least 12. Springs compensator's ropes hitch is to ensure even rope tension. Governor ropes are of steel and are suitably dimensioned to ensure the safe and effective operation of the governor.
GOVERNOR AND SAFETY
Centrifugal Governor The centrifugal governor, once activated, will initially remove power from the driving motor and then should a further speed increase be sensed, will apply the safety gear. The safety gear is released by raising the car manually.
Safety Gear The safety gear mechanisms are mounted beneath the bottom members of the sling and are operated by a centrifugal governor.
CAR AND LANDING DOORS
Car Door Hanger The car doors automatic and are suspended from a minimum of two neoprene shod steel rollers per panel with sealed bearings. Fully adjustable steel up-thrust rollers are located opposite each concave suspension roller. The roller assemblies run on a smooth steel track and individual door panels are connected via air cord and sealed bearing sheaves.
Skid The landing doors are coupled to the car doors via a clutch assembly, which unlocks the landing doors as the car door commences opening.
Landing Doors Landing doors are fully interlocked both mechanically and electrically ensuring the complete mechanical locking of the landing door prior to car departure.
Doors Shoes Door panels are individually adjustable in three dimensions on the hanger assemblies. Non-metallic shoes running in the sill groove guide the doors at the foot of each panel.
Triangles Keys Landing doors are supplied with a triangle-key device to facilitate opening under abnormal conditions.
Swing Doors Swing doors are made out of wood or steel. They are now generally used for home lifts.
Swing Door Landing Doors Door Lock The lock is made out of cast-iron with copper contacts in the inside it is situated in the inside of the landing door frame.
Lock Lever The lock lever is made out of cast-iron with a brass rod which is attached to the lever. The lock lever is attached to the swing door lock.
Door Closers Door closers are used on swing doors to close the doors. They are situated on the top of the door and work by a spring and hydraulics piston system inside.
Lock Contact / Bridge Contact The bridge contact is fitted on the swing door it’s made out of moulded plastic with copper end contacts. When the swing door closes this contact enters the landing door lock, connecting it electrically and a lever in the lock will engage making the lock mechanically.
New Type Lock Assembly This is the new type locks the can only be used when the landing and car doors are fully automated.
Up Thrust Roller This roller is fitted under the main roller on the hanger, this is to keep the doors from coming off the hanger rails.
Hanger Rollers This roller is fitted on top of the hanger and is to guide the door.
Lock Roller The lock roller is made out of rubber or plastic with a brass bush or steel bearings which is attached to the lock lever. The lock lever is attached to landing door lock.
Gate Switch The gate switch is fitted on the car door hanger, this switch is the safety switch for the car doors, should the car doors open, a contact inside will open causing the lift top stop.
Door Protection Door detectors are infrared beams which cover the entrance of the Car doors, when the beams are interrupted by a person or object the lift doors will then reopen or remain open until the obstruction is removed. This eliminates the use of the old safety shoes, which was mechanical and had to make contact (hit) the person or object to open the doors thus causing the doors to go out of adjustment and the lift stopping.
Door Motor & Door Drive Inverter Old door drives are replaced with new AC door motors and VVVF drives / inverters with 6 speed settings to ensure a smooth open and close function and making the door operation reliable and rugged.
General Note Users will not be able to open the landing doors under power failure conditions or when the elevator malfunctions. Only trained personnel with be able to open the car doors under the described conditions.
LIFT CAR Car Interiors
Car Operating Panels (C.O.P) The car-operating panel is situated on a sidewall and is incorporated into the car design. The unit will consist of call registration devices, auxiliary switches and buttons which is required for the correct operation of the elevators. A digital car position indicator is conveniently located on the car operating panel together with the emergency unit i.e. intercom. As well a key switch which can be used to switch off lights or the lift.
Emergency Lighting And Alarm A concealed standby battery and trickle charger will be provided to ensure proper functioning of the emergency light and alarm in the event of a power failure.
TOP OF CAR Car Guide Rollers The rollers are situated on top and under the car on the sling and crossbar. They are manufactured from cast-iron and steel with a spring system to dampen any vibrations.
Car Guide Shoes The guide shoes are situated on top and under the car on the sling and crossbar. They are manufactured from cast-iron and steel with nylon or polyurethane inserts and are lubricated with oil pots which are fitted above the guide shoe.
Inspection Unit This control device is situated on top of the car and is used by our technicians to control the lift while servicing.
Limit Switches These fitted in the shaft at the top and bottom for the final slow down as well as for when the lift overruns top floor or bottom floor they act as a safety switches.
LANDING SIGNALS AND CONTROLS Landing Buttons At each landing, self illuminating push buttons work as follows. Full collective control systems have two buttons in a common face plate at intermediate landings with a single button at terminal landings. Unidirectional controllers have a single button at each landing.
Positions Indicators (Digital) At the ground or main floor a digital position indicator is located in the frame header above the entrance. The indicator consists of numerical digital indications in a stainless steel face plate.
Rope Gripper Rope Grippers are used only on certain machines or when called for by an inspector. They operate in conjunction with a special governor by clamping the main ropes should the lift over speed in any direction.
Guides The guides for car and counterweights are planed or cold rolled steel. These are erected plumb and securely fastened to the shaft. The method of attaching guides at each bracket allows for considerable expansion and contraction without any guide distortion. The ends of each guide length are tongue and grooved and connected to steel fish-plates to ensure accurate alignment.
Counterweight The lift car is carefully counter balanced in order to achieve a smooth and economical operation. The counterweight shall equal the mass of the complete car plus approximately 45% of the maximum load. The counterweight assembly consists of a structural steel frame in which cast iron filler weights are secured. Counterweight filler blocks are painted yellow to comply with local regulations. Four guide shoe assemblies guide the frame on its guide rails.
BUFFERS AND PIT Buffers Buffers are mounted in the pit beneath the car and counter weight assemblies. The buffers are designed to arrest either car or counterweight at full contract speed.
Emergency Stop Switch Fitted in the pit this is a push and pull switch.
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© United Elevators (Pty) Ltd, 2010. All Rights Reserved.